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Saturday, May 29, 2010

Drift Scion xB with 2JZ Toyota Supra Engine Built by Rogue Status

The epitome of Japanese sports cars still lies with the infamous Toyota Supra and its 2JZ inline-6cyl engine. The tuner company Rogue Status knows this all too well, so well, that they used the 2JZ Toyota Supra engine for a drift Scion xB. Of course the xB is not your 1st choice, or for that matter any choice, for a Toyota Supra motor. 2JZs belongs in a rear-wheel-drive Lexus or any other semi-sporty Toyota but not the boxy Scion xB right? Rogue Status went all out enlisting the help of Stephan Papadakis who is a well-known figure in the automotive tuning world for modifying and turning one-of-a-kind vehicles.

Rogue Status are big fans of Tanner Foust and Ken Gushi who both drive the RWD versions of Scion tC’s in the Formula Drift Series. They would know better than most what needs to be done to build such a creative mixture not to mention making the decision to use the 2JZ which is one of the best foundations to work off of in terms of tuning and performance from an engine.

Tuesday, May 25, 2010

Australia Toyota HC-CV

Toyota Australia will come up with their own Camry Hybrid. But because they're so eagerly want to show the costumers what they're working on, they showed off a concept of the Camry Hybrid they're working on, at the 2009 Melbourne Motor Show. Toyota Australia called it HC-CV (Hybrid Camry Concept Vehicle). What is it exactly? Well, it's essentially the recently-updated 2010 Camry Hybrid, but with some cosmetic changes to make it Australia's own. Blue Toyota logos, a modified front-fascia with LEDs on the bumper and satin chrome on the front grille, aluminum mirrors, rear-boot lid, and a pearl white body-paint. Inside, Toyota added metallic blue highlights with Toyota’s Hybrid Synergy Drive logo on the leather seats.
Ofcourse when the production is out in Australia, don't expect any major changes from this concept. Also don't expect it to be sold to "the rest of the world" market, but we might see something similar with those LEDs on the bumpers for our normal Camry.

Monday, May 24, 2010

2009 Toyota iQ Reviews



The final production version of the revolutionary Toyota iQ makes its debut at the 2008 Paris motor show. Last seen as a near-final design at the Geneva show earlier this year, iQ is a city car that is so innovative that - like the Toyota Prius - it stands as a major milestone for future vehicle development.

The radical thinking behind Toyota iQ turns conventional car design on its head. Toyota engineers went to extraordinary lengths to redesign, re-engineer or relocate components to achieve their goal of a car that is less than three metres long, yet has four seats inside with no compromise on space, comfort or driving fun.

Toyota iQ redefines what a car should be in today's era of congested cities and increased environmental awareness, not least by achieving carbon dioxide emissions levels that start at 99g/km. At the same time it is fun to drive with outstanding dynamics and advanced powertrain technology.

Hiroki Nakajima, Toyota iQ chief Engineer, explains: "For the development of iQ my research for a design concept befitting a stylish and small, sophisticated car began by envisioning the customer. My theory was that the group of people most suited to this car's style, small size and premium edge would be described as 'post-modern' - people who demonstrate independence in their choice of lifestyle and values."

Toyota iQ can be ordered from now, with delivery taking place in January 2009. Full-year sales volume for Europe is expected to be around 80,000 units.

DESIGN

Five years ago Toyota launched a programme to radically improve vehicle packaging, focusing on breakthrough solutions for miniaturising key vehicle features. The outcome of this project formed the basis for the development of Toyota iQ.

The objective was a new kind of city car, one that would accommodate four people within an overall length of less than three metres. The result was a landmark solution that will have a long term influence on Toyota's future vehicle development. Toyota iQ is the ultimate expression of refined, yet environmentally efficient urban mobility.

The extraordinary interior space in a car that measures just 2,985mm long, 1,500mm high and 1,680mm wide is a tribute to the determination and ingenuity of Toyota's design and engineering team.

The fact it can carry four people (three adults plus a child) in comfort and safety at motorway speeds, is just the beginning of the story. Starting with a clean sheet of paper, Toyota has created an ingenious and distinctive new city car. And with its proportionally large, 2,000mm wheelbase, Toyota iQ has a compact yet muscular stance that is like no other car.

Toyota iQ's design represents the essence of Toyota's J-factor heritage, which embraces the finest elements of Japanese aesthetics, such as miniaturisation and modernism. Most importantly it brings contradictory elements into harmony, such as "small yet spacious" or "hi-tech yet human".

J-factor is the foundation of Toyota's Vibrant Clarity design philosophy, through which long-standing paradoxes are resolved, such as how to create vehicles that are energised and dynamic, but at the same time rational and ingenious.

One of the three key elements of Vibrant Clarity is Freeform Geometrics, which can be seen in Toyota iQ's techno-organic design, for example, in the "manta ray" styling of the centre console.

On the outside another element comes into play - "Perfect Imbalance of Proportions". Large wheels are placed at the extreme corners of the vehicle to give a robust stance that belies the car's compact size.



True to J-factor aesthetic minimalism, Toyota iQ will be available from launch in three exterior colours: White Pearl Metallic, Black Metallic and Amethyst Metallic (more colours will be available later).

SIX INNOVATIONS PRODUCE A BREAKTHROUGH IN VEHICLE PACKAGING

Toyota iQ's remarkable interior volume is down to its comparatively long 2,000mm wheelbase and short overhangs - 530mm at the front and 455mm at the rear. Interior length from the rear end of the instrument panel to the hip point of the rear seats is an impressive 1,238mm. To achieve this breakthrough, six space-saving engineering innovations were developed.

Integrating the front-mounted differential in a conventional transmission layout allowed Toyota iQ to be built with an ultra-short front overhang. This reduced overall length while at the same time increasing the length of the passenger compartment. Ingeniously this not only reduces the amount of space required for the engine compartment, it also allows the large diameter front wheels to be positioned at the far corners of the vehicle. This shortens the overhangs, which in turn improves stability and manoeuvrability.

Employing centre take-off steering gear and placing it higher in the engine bay means the transmission, engine and differential could be repositioned. The engine compartment could then be made considerably smaller, further reducing the front overhang.

Traditionally fuel tanks are located underneath a car's rear seats. By making the tank flat, reducing it to just 120mm in height and solving the problems of rapidly changing fuel surface levels that such a design would normally create, the tank could be relocated under the floor. Toyota iQ's fuel tank has a 32-litre capacity, giving an ample driving range. Angling the rear shock absorbers backwards allows interior rear space to be increased.

The slimness of the seatbacks frees up an extra 40mm of rear passenger room at knee height. The seats weigh up to 30 per cent less than conventional ones, contributing to overall fuel efficiency and low emissions. Using extruded pipe materials rather than high tensile sheet steel ensures the structure is rigid. The slimmer designs, with integrated headrests, save space without sacrificing comfort or safety.

Reducing the size of the heater and air conditioning unit by 20 per cent compared to the Toyota Yaris allowed the engineers to make significant space savings without compromising performance. This means the blower unit, usually found in front of the front passenger, could be integrated with the main ventilation unit in a central position. This innovation allowed the front passenger area to be moved forward, freeing up cabin space and increasing leg room.

The innovative asymmetric dashboard was designed to open up the whole cabin area. It ensures ample leg room for the front passenger, even when the seat is in its furthest forward position. The sliding seat configuration allows an adult 190cm tall to sit comfortably in the rear seat behind a front passenger of the same height. Shoulder-to-shoulder distance between driver and front passenger is 50mm wider than in Yaris and bears comparison with a C-segment vehicle. The all-round space and seating layout means there is ample room for three adults plus either a child passenger or luggage behind the driver.

ENGINEERED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL EXCELLENCE

Toyota iQ represents the successful outcome of Toyota's well-established drive to reduce the environmental impact of its vehicles without compromising performance and driving dynamics. With CO2 emissions as low as 99g/km (with manual transmission), it is clearly a city car that's in the right place at the right time.

Its innovative, aerodynamic packaging has been achieved through a low overall height, low centre of gravity and wheels pushed out to the four corners of the car. This gives agility at low speed and unprecedented stability for a small car on motorways and winding roads. A minimum turning radius of 3.9 metres further enhances its nimble handling, even in tight city streets.



Toyota iQ is built on a new platform with MacPherson strut front suspension and a newly developed compact rear torsion beam. Together these provide dynamic handling with high degree of ride comfort. The suspension is fine tuned to let the car hug corners at speed, without losing stability.

Toyota iQ engines and transmissions have been developed under the Toyota Optimal Drive philosophy of delivering extremely low fuel consumption and emissions without compromising on power or driving pleasure.

At launch one engine will be available: a 1.0-litre VVT-i petrol unit with a choice of five-speed manual or a new Multidrive CVT system.

1.0-litre VVT-i engine

The 1.0-litre VVT-i petrol engine, winner of the 2008 Engine of the Year award in the sub-1.0-litre class, is a lightweight, three-cylinder unit, producing 67bhp (68 Din hp) at 6,000rpm and 91Nm of torque at 4,800rpm. Combined with a high-ratio five-speed manual transmission, it returns 65.7mpg in combined cycle driving and 99g/km of carbon dioxide (figures provisional prior to final homologation). This keeps Toyota iQ under the UK's 100g/km threshold for Vehicle Excise Duty, a benchmark that is also used for tax purposes in other major European markets, too. Specified with Multidrive transmission, the engine emits 110g/km of CO2 (provisional figure).

Multidrive transmission

Multidrive uses Toyota's latest continuously variable transmission (CVT) technology to give a very smooth shift feel while optimising the balance between performance and fuel economy. It continuously monitors and selects the most appropriate gear ratio and shifting speed, automatically eliminating "shift shock" or jumps while changing gear. It maximises engine torque without unnecessary acceleration and smoothes gear ratio changes, for example limiting uphill shifts and making downhill shifts to achieve optimum engine brake force. The system provides all the city-friendly characteristics of a conventional automatic gearbox.

Models equipped with Multidrive feature an ECO driving indicator lamp on the multi-information display. This encourages more economical driving by signalling when fuel is being saved and, consequently, emissions are reduced. Current and average fuel consumption are also permanently on display.

Gear shift indicator

Models with manual transmission are equipped with a gear shift indicator which shows the driver when to change up or down a gear to achieve the best environmental performance. The system takes driving conditions, accelerator pedal pressure and vehicle speed into account and can return fuel consumption savings of between 0.5 and three per cent compared to normal gear shifting, depending on individual driver habits.

Future developments


A new 1.33-litre Dual VVT-i petrol engine with Stop & Start technology will be available in Toyota iQ later in 2009. A 1.4 D-4D diesel will be offered from launch in some European markets, but is not scheduled for introduction in the UK.

Many of Toyota iQ's innovations will be adapted and evolved for future Toyota models. The car is a major milestone in Toyota's environmental commitment and efforts to develop technologies for much lower emissions. It is an essential part of Toyota's challenge to achieve the Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association's (JAMA) voluntary commitment of 140g/km average fleet emissions by 2009.

OUTSTANDING ACTIVE AND PASSIVE SAFETY

Toyota iQ benefits from sophisticated active and passive safety technology to protect driver, passengers and pedestrians, with a range of breakthrough features rarely seen in small vehicles.

ABS integrated with Brake Assist (BA) and Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD) is standard on all models. Steering assist Vehicle Stability Control (VSC+) combined with Traction Control (TRC) is also provided across the range and incorporates Electric Power Steering Control to minimise the risk of under- or oversteer.

The new braking system has 255mm front discs and 180mm drums. For collision safety and "braking feel", a link-type brake pedal is fitted.

The high strength body has a multi-load path structure to efficiently absorb and disperse impact forces. Designed by Toyota, it increases occupant protection in a frontal collision through six strategic elements to absorb and redistribute impact energy, including the suspension side rail and cross members, dashboard cross member, and front tyres located as far forward as possible.

The shape and height of the bonnet and a collapsible cowl construction are designed to deform in an impact to mitigate potential pedestrian injury.

All models are fitted with nine airbags. The passenger front airbag has a twin-chamber design with a lower pressure inflator to bridge the space between the passenger and the dashboard.

The driver has a knee airbag, which, because of the short steering column, can be positioned closer to the driver's knees, reducing deployment time and the amount of inflation required. On the front passenger side there is an innovative seat cushion airbag that works with the seatbelts to reduce and disperse force to the head, chest and upper body. This airbag is more effective in restraining hip movement than conventional knee airbags, given Toyota iQ's asymmetrical dashboard design.

Protection from side impacts is provided by two front side airbags, designed to restrain the chest and pelvis at the same time. Two side curtain shield airbags protect all four occupants from side impact to the head and neck.

Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR) seatbelts are fitted to all seats, with additional pretensioners and force-limiters for the driver and front passenger.

World-first rear window airbag

Toyota iQ marks a world-first breakthrough with a rear window curtain shield airbag. This deploys from the roof lining behind the rear headrests to protect occupants in a rear-end collision.

Isofix child seat anchors are fitted to the rear seats. A high tensile strength steel seat frame construction with integrated headrests provide driver and front passenger with collision safety and whiplash protection performance equal to Toyota's latest active headrest systems.

With its 360-degree safety approach, Toyota aims to fulfil Euro NCAP's five-star rating for occupant protection.

ASPIRATIONAL EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATION

In line with its innovative design and high quality finish, it will offer as standard a number of premium features for added style, comfort and convenience, setting it apart from more conventional and modestly specified models in the city car segment.

Two grades will be available - a standard trim and a premium upgrade version. Key features will include (according to grade) alloy wheels, electrically adjustable heated door mirrors with integrated turn indicators, automatic air conditioning, privacy glass, Smart Entry and Start system, dusk-sensing headlights, rain-sensing wipers and an auto-dimming rear view mirror.

To add even more lustre to their Toyota iQ, owners will be offered a full range of dedicated accessories

Saturday, May 22, 2010

2002 Toyota Celica T Sport

toyota celica t sport
The highly acclaimed Toyota Celica sports coupe range is to be extended with the launch of a high performance Celica T Sport. The launch of the more powerful Celica marks the creation of a new T Sport brand for Toyota, reflecting the company’s successful motorsporting heritage in the FIA World Rally Championship, the American ChampCar series, the classic Le Mans 24-Hours race and its forthcoming entry into Formula 1
The T Sport brand will embody this motor sports excellence within the Toyota range - offering higher performance levels, positive handling and suspension characteristics,increased driver involvement and ride comfort, in-line with the T Sport model.
The new Toyota Celica T Sport features a sophisticated 1.8 litre engine with Variable Valve Timing and Lift -intelligent (VVTL-i) which combines the benefits of Variable Valve Timing-intelligent (VVT-i) with a two stage Lift change mechanism.
The result is a significant boost in maximum power output to 141kW (192 DIN hp) at 7,800rpm and maximum torque to 180Nm at 6,800rpm.
The new Toyota Celica T Sport with a close ratio, six-speed manual gearbox, will accelerate to 100km/h in 7.2 seconds and has a top speed, where permitted, of 225km/h. Yet, thanks to VVTL-i and its intelligent engine management, the Celica T Sport is easy to drive - and economical too.
The chassis of the Celica T-Sport has been further developed to give high speed stability with the increased power and provide more sports-orientated ride and handling. The Celica T Sport is marked out by its distinctive T Sport badging and 16-inch alloy wheels and tyres.

High performance engine


The heart of the Celica T Sport is its high-revving, 1.8-litre, double overhead camshaft engine which combines two advanced Toyota technologies to produce 141kW of power at 7,800rpm. Although the engine is based on the same 1.8-litre VVT-i unit which powers the standard Celica, almost all the parts are newly designed.
The new 1796cc engine, 2ZZ-GE, has a wider bore and shorter stroke (82mm x 85mm, bore and stroke) than before and a higher compression ratio (11.5:1). It also features increased valve diameters for greater air-fuel flow. These measures combine to give more power across the engine speed range and allow the Celica T Sport to rev to a dramatic maximum 8,200rpm.
The Variable Valve Timing-intelligent (VVT-i) technology - a key feature of the Toyota petrol engine range - gives the Celica a wide torque band and, in particular, boosts torque at low to medium engine speeds. This makes the car easier to drive, more economical and means it emits less harmful emissions.

Variable Valve Timing Lift-intelligent


The new Variable Valve Timing Lift-intelligent (VVTL-i) technology uses an extra cam on the camshaft to increase the intake and exhaust valve lift at high engine speeds (above 6,200rpm). This increases power output at the top end of the engine range.
The Variable Valve Timing Lift-intelligent works by seamlessly switching cams - low speed to high speed or vice-versa - at exactly the right operating conditions.
The two cams are side-by-side on the camshaft and, during low to medium engine speed running, the valves are operated by the low speed cam. The high speed cam is acting on a ’slipper’ which is free to float within the rocker arm and so has no effect on the valve lift.
At the right moment, the slipper is locked into place by a hydraulic pin and the high speed cam takes effect, increasing valve lift and allowing the low speed cam to rotate harmlessly until it is required again.
These two advanced Toyota technologies combined (VVTL-i) mean the Celica T Sport has high performance, is easy to drive, and is more economical with less harmful emissions than less sophisticated sports coupes.

Sports suspension and handling


The development of the Celica T Sport has incorporated further chassis changes to ensure the car lives up to its image and provides the driver involvement demanded by more sports-minded customers. As a result, the Celica T Sport has a stiffer ride and more sporting handling characteristics than the standard Celica. The front suspension MacPherson struts are stiffer with increased damping and lower front bushes have also been stiffened. In the rear, double wishbone suspension, shock absorber damping is increased and bushes are stiffer.
Brakes have been uprated to help handle the extra power. The Celica T Sport has 15-inch ventilated disc brakes at the front and 14-inch solid discs at the rear. Anti-lock braking, with electronic brake force distribution, is standard.

Close ratio gearbox


The slick, six speed manual transmission from the standard Celica is retained but a new set of close ratios has been developed for the T Sport. These are designed to allow the driver to extracts maximum performance from the car and ensure the engine stays in ’high-lift’ mode during full acceleration.

Distinctive T Sport styling


The new Toyota Celica T Sport will be instantly recognisable with its distinctive T Sport badging, distinctive exterior colour and side rocker mole which is the same colour as the exterior. Two dynamic new exterior colours, grey metallic and
blue-black mica colour clear, have been added to the Celica range for the T Sport brand. A new black-blue two-tone interior is also available.
Inside the Celica T Sport customers will find the same comfortable and sporty environment as the standard Celica. New instrumentation reflects the higher performance of the T Sport with the rev counter red-lined at 8,200rpm. Improvements across the Celica range include an optional audio system with RDS (Radio Data System) function, a pollen filter on the heating and ventilation system and an enlarged vanity mirror on the sun visor.

2006 Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon

toyota land cruiser amazon
Incredibly tough off-roader that offers good equipment, excellent space and bank vault build quality - but feels big, slow and crude compared to more recent rivals.

Features Summary

Truly great in the wild, and the choice of people in the parts of the world where durability is valued above all else, but the Amazon is unsuited to British roads or tastes. The sheer size of the Toyota Land Cruiser Amazon makes it difficult to park or to navigate narrow gaps in, ride quality is compromised by occassional crashes over big bumps, and handling is less than accurate. V8 Petrol engine gives good performance at the cost of horrendous fuel consumption, the 4.2 turbo-diesel sounds loud but offers reasonable performance and considerably better economy. Enormous interior space and excellent standard equipment are the upsides, plus a substantial saving over a Range Rover.

2002 Toyota Land Cruiser 120 series

toyota land cruiser 120 series
All New Prado Released (120 Series station wagon simply Toyota Land Cruiser in the UK market) - the new Prado was released late in 2002 in both GX and VX turbo diesel form utilizing the an intercooled version of the 3.0 L KZ-TE engine found in the Hilux. This oil burner produces 96 kW and 343 N·m of torque. From April 2003, a new 4.0 L V6 gasoline engine will be available, delivering 183 kW and 382 N·m. Both models now come with 17 in (432 mm) wheels, limiting tire choice. The new Prado’s body has 60% more torsional rigidity, leading to improved off and on-road performance, lower noise and better quality.

Smaller in dimensions than the newer Sequoia, Toyota’s most costly full-size sport utility vehicle has a history that dates back to the company’s early days in the U.S. market. It is the slowest-selling member of the company’s SUV group, with only 15,509 Land Cruisers sold during 2000 - and that figure represents a slight drop from the previous year.
The Toyota Land Cruiser and the Lexus LX 470 share the same basic design and major components, but Lexus’ SUV has more standard features and additional luxurious furnishings. A third-row seat, automatic rear climate control and a HomeLink transmitter are new standard features for 2002. Among the few Land Cruiser options are a JBL sound system and a navigation system with a DVD player.

Exterior

The Land Cruiser’s overall length is 192.5 inches, which makes it about 6 inches shorter than the Chevrolet Tahoe and a foot shorter than the Lincoln Navigator. The Land Cruiser rides a 112.2-inch wheelbase, is 76.4 inches wide and stands 73.2 inches tall. Access to the cargo area may be achieved through a window that flips up and a tailgate that drops down.

Interior

Seating for five occupants used to be standard, with two front buckets and a split three-place bench that folds to hold more cargo. The formerly optional three-place rear seat is now standard for 2002, so the Land Cruiser’s seating capacity bumps up to eight - though children fit in the third row better than adults. The split rear seat also folds outward for additional cargo space.
Cargo volume is 91 cubic feet. Standard equipment includes leather upholstery, automatic climate control, a six-CD changer, power sunroof and remote keyless entry.

Under the Hood

The Land Cruiser uses a 230-horsepower, 4.7-liter V-8 engine and a four-speed-automatic transmission, which team with permanently engaged four-wheel drive; the Lexus LX 470 uses the same powertrain. A limited-slip rear differential and traction control are standard. Standard equipment includes antilock brakes and Vehicle Skid Control, Toyota’s electronic stability system that applies brakes to individual wheels as needed.

2001 Toyota Land Cruiser Prado

toyota land cruiser prado
The attractive new Toyota Land Cruiser PRADO is no ’soft’ 4x4. Permanent 4WD, a rugged body-on-frame design and HAC give tremendous off-road handling. A 4.0-litre VVT-i 249PS V6 petrol engine offer responsive power. Dual zone air-conditioning enhances comfort. Class-leading durability and safety come standard.

Features

High torque engine powers Land Cruiser PRADO absolutely anywhere using a permanent 4WD transfer box. A choice of high or low ratios - you can select on the move - guarantees optimum traction. Land Cruiser PRADO will wade through water more than 700mm deep, attack a slope of 32 degree and has 220mm of ground clearance, which can be raised with the H-infinity TEMS air suspension. And a field monitor keeps you constantly informed of the Land Cruiser PRADO’s angle of inclination.
The new Toyota Land Cruiser PRADO matches its off-road capability with outstanding all-road performance and driving enjoyment. Its engine offers highly responsive power. An all-new, lightweight alloy, 4.0-litre [VVT-i] V6 petrol engine (183kw/249PS at 5,200rpm) gives the new Land Cruiser PRADO premium car performance. Ride comfort and safety are outstanding. Active Traction Control (A-TRC) and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) help prevent skidding. Latest generation Toyota Electronic Modulated Suspension (TEMS) ensures best ride comfort on all surfaces.High quality seating and interior trim is used throughout the cabin. The centre console is modern metallic to complete the exclusive feel.
The Toyota Land Cruiser PRADO name has an unrivalled reputation for durability, earned through more than 50 years of consistent quality and reliability across the globe. More than 4 million Land Cruiser PRADO have been sold worldwide since launch. The new Land Cruiser PRADO builds on that heritage with no compromise on quality. It has the traditional, tough ladder frame design; full under-body protective coating and a strong high-tensile steel body with anti-corrosion treatment.Land Cruiser PRADO has strong, long travel suspension for optimum off-road performance but also offers comfortable, stable on-road driving.
Safety was designed into the new Land Cruiser PRADO from the start.Its chassis frame offers excellent impact protection while the low centre-of-gravity, long wheelbase and wide wheel track give excellent handling and stability. A combination of active and passive safety systems ensures optimum protection for driver and passengers.

1998 Toyota Land Cruiser 100 series

toyota land cruiser 100 series
The Land Cruiser 100 represents the culmination of 50 years of building 4x4s. Today, the Land Cruiser has evolved from a serious Jeep type 4x4 into the ultimate luxury all wheel drive sport utility vehicle. While it is considered by most as far more of an upscale luxury sport utility, than the down in the dirt rough and ready 4x4 that is it’s roots, Toyota still managed to maintain it’s incredible off road durability, while making this model the most highway friendly Land Cruiser yet.

History

In January of 1998, the Land Cruiser 100 series was born to most of the world. (A few countries, most notably in South America, would retain old 80 series.) By this time, the Land Cruiser had earned a strong reputation worldwide for its high performance on difficult terrain as well as for its maneuverability and durability, but the evolution from bare bones hardcore off road utility vehicle to all wheel drive luxury was well underway.
With the development of the Land Cruiser 100, Toyota created a prestige 4WD with significantly improved on-road performance, while sacrificing a bit of its traditional off-road abilities. With double wishbone IFS front suspension and rack and pinion steering, the Land Cruiser 100 was designed to feel more like a passenger car than its heavy-duty predecessors. To further improve comfort and steering stability, hydraulic vehicle height adjustment and dynamic suspension control were added as options, aiming at improved performance on paved roads. The interior was luxurious, with air-conditioning and high-end audio, and an optional DVD navigation system and full leather interior standard in many models.
In December of 1998, the Japanese market Cygnus was released for export to the US. Styled just like the LX470, this model was positioned as the luxury class Land Cruiser 100, more prestigious than the LC100 itself.
Though the Land Cruiser 100 continues to evolve into a passenger car, there are still users overseas who drive it off-road. To meet these needs, such as in Australia and other rugged environments, Toyota has created a Land Cruiser 105-series with a solid front axle and coil springs in the suspension. While officially the 105 series, it’s often referred to as simply the base model 100 series or the 100 series GX. Toyota essentially placed the new 100 series and interior onto an older 80 series frame and suspension. The differences between the base solid axle 100 and most expensive luxury version is stark. The 105 Land Cruiser can be had with manual locking hubs, a manual transmission and part time transfer case, in addition to the solid front axle and front and rear locking diffs.
In the luxury IFS version, the transfer lever extending from the center console is about the only thing that tells you this Land Cruiser is a 4x4 and not a passenger car. It has more luxury features than its predecessor 80-series, including an optional DVD navigation system with EMV (Electro Multi Vision) in the center panel and a top-flight audio system. The upper grade has an option for genuine leather seats. The 100-series does not have over fenders, but the wide body means more space on the inside as well.
Even though a solid axle can still be had, this model, makes it clear that this flagship Land Cruiser has reached the end of it’s serious off road roots. With IFS and lower ground clearance, this generation just cannot compete with the older generation Land cruisers when it comes to serious off road ability. However, Toyota does retain 4 wheel drive and low range as well as an optional rear locker. (The front locker of the prior 80 series, appears to no longer be available on IFS models.) And the extreme durability that Toyota Land Cruiser owners expect, is still present in this latest model.
However, if one considers that the Land Cruiser 100 is the flag ship of all Toyotas, the absolute top of the line and must represent the ultimate in luxury, performance and status, then it is understandable that Toyota chose the design path they did. And in doing so, they still retained as much off road ability as was practice.
After all, Toyota still has the long running Land Cruiser 70 series to fall back on as the true off road successor and continuer of the tradition first set about by the original Land Cruiser. Today the Land 100 and 70 series represents the best of all worlds. The ultimate in luxury and prestige and the ultimate in off road utility.

1993-2001 Toyota Land Cruiser 90 series

toyota land cruiser 90 series
When based on the 70 series, the Prado was designed to be a much heavier duty alternative to the 4Runner/Surf, but a lighter duty and cheaper alternative to the Land cruiser 80 models. In 1996, the Prado broke away from the 70 series line and underwent a complete redesign, independent of any of the Land Cruiser models. The new Prado introduced an all new chassis design that used a front suspension and chassis similar to the brand new 4Runner/Surf. In fact, both models may actually be based on the exact same chassis and platform (although I’m not positive on this.) The Prado would be marketed in most countries, except the U.S. were it wasn’t sold at all, as an upscale alternative to the 4Runner/Surf.

History

Aiming for supremacy in all classes, Toyota developed the 90-series Prado as its final weapon against its main competitor, the Mitsubishi Pajero. In addition to the standard body, there was a wide-body version, a sporty 3-door model and a 5-door model. The 90-series Prado had a wide and low form, and looked very similar to the Mitsubishi Pajero. Even the engine had similar specs, with the choice of both petrol and diesel. The power train was full time 4x4, with a 2 speed transfer case.
The specs and the lineup of the 90-series included major changes, but the most striking change was the new - independent front suspension. A first for the Land Cruiser, but not the last, as Toyota later incorporated another IFS design into the new flagship 100 series. In April of 1997 the 3.4 petrol V-6 was added, making it more desirable to some buyers.
More luxury upgrades were added in June and July of 1997, along with styling changes and options to deliver a little better performance off-road, such as Active Traction Control and Vehicle Stability Control. A newly developed diesel engine was added in response to demands for lower fuel consumption, fewer emissions, and less noise and vibration.
The 90-series Prado came in a distinctive wide-body style, a sporty 3-door version and a 5-door model in addition to the standard size body.
Its two rows of seats, all of which lay flat, made it an ideal vehicle for camping. Meanwhile, it went further in luxury styling: specs included wood-like paneling on the instrument panel, an Optitron speedometer and tachometer. The right and left sides of the instrument panel were clearly separated by the center panel. This was a car built for world markets, where the steering wheel could be moved to the right or left with a minimum exchange of parts. The headlamps on the early 3-door short model were round, but were modified to a square shape like the 4-door long model in 1999. The 2-door and 4-door body share many parts in common, with the front section being identical. The 4-door model had two variations, with either two or three rows of seats. The 2-door model had a split rear seat to accommodate different cargo configurations.
In June of 1999, fairly significant styling changes were introduced, with changes in the front grille, front bumper, door strim, combination gauge design, and the addition of multi-reflector headlamps.

1990-1997 Toyota Land Cruiser 80 series

toyota land cruiser 80 series
By 1989, the 60 series was getting old in design. Overshadowed by much more modern designs, the 60 series looked like something that originated from the 1970s, which it actually did. The 1990s were on the horizon and such an old outdated design would just not do anymore.

History

The 60-series was being driven more for leisure or family use as a town car than as a hardcore off-road vehicle.Over time, demand had increased for more fashionable and passenger car-like characteristics. The 60 series tried to evolve to meet these demands of a luxury sport utility vehicle, but its hardcore roots, frame and suspension could only go so far. Thus an all new design, from the ground up was needed.
The transition of the 60-series into the 80-series was more drastic than that from the 50-series to the 60-series. A number of new technologies were introduced, making the transition more revolutionary than evolutionary. The aim of the 80-series was to be at the forefront of both technology and luxury.
Toyota began the new design by immediately discarding the leaf spring suspension which has supported the full size Land Cruiser for almost 40 years. New axles would be designed as well as a new coil spring suspension front and rear. The rear axle would be similar to the axle found in the 60 series, but the front axle would be an all new design from the outer knuckles to the center differential. The new suspension was designed to be as comfortable as possible and dramatically improve handling. Off road ability was not largely sacrificed and the new design was a major success.
So successful in fact, that 9 years later, the Land Cruiser 78 series work truck, which is a hardcore off road vehicle, would be redesigned to use the same front suspension.
The exterior would undergo a complete design change. Some accents were left to remind owners that were still driving a Toyota Land Cruiser wagon, but there would be no mistaking an 80 series for a 60 series. The lines were much smoother and the overall design, far more modern.The interior was all new as well, incorporating some of the basic round dash and modern design features introduced in the new Toyota trucks and 4runners of the day. In 1994 the interior would undergo another design change in keeping with the times, but this was slight and involved mostly only the dash.
For all but one model, it came with a full-time all wheel drive 4x4 power train. In August 1996, all models took on ABS and airbags as standard equipment.In 1993, a new feature that propelled the new Land Cruiser into off road history was offered.Front and rear electric differential lockers. Although optional and somewhat rare in some markets, the new feature made up for any reduced off road capability, if any existed, and turned the 80 series into one of the most formidable stock off road vehicles in history.
The 80-series was born in the favorable environment of an economic boom. However, it did not suffer when the boom cycle ended — the 80-series lasted for nine years, getting larger and more luxurious until it was eventually replaced in January of 1998 with the 100-series Land Cruiser. The transition to the next generation was made when the 80-series still enjoyed a high level of popularity, much the same as had happened earlier when the 60-series made way for the 80-series.
The 80-series wagon featured two types of rear gates. The higher grade model opened vertically, while the basic model opened out from the middle, like the ambulance doors of earlier model 40 series Land Cruisers. It was easier to get luggage out from the middle opening gate, but this also restricted the rear field of vision. The rear window also came with a windshield wiper, one for each window on the center-opening type.
The cargo space on the 80-series wagon could be enlarged by folding the second and third seats. The second seats folded down, while the third seats folded up along the sides of the vehicle, retaining the limited rear vision that this arrangement produced in the 60-series. On the other hand, the cargo space had a wide floor area and the body was large enough to handle bigger loads.
Because the 80-series models had a low side step and a long rear overhang, the body tended to scrape the ground in serious off-roading. In city driving, however, the large steering angle made it easier to drive. The 80 series was still an off road capable SUV, because of its solid axles and later optional electric lockers front and rear. A very minor lift, removing the side steps and slightly larger tires would easily turn the 80 series into an unstoppable off road machine.
There were few differences between the North American and overseas model 80s, with the exception that American models only got the petrol engine and an automatic transmission. Oversea models had a diesel engine and an optional second reserve petrol tank in some models as well as an available manual transmission. Some low end models also may have included part time transfer cases and manual locking hubs.
The 80 series is distinguished in North America, as being the last highly off road capable Land cruiser imported here, because all of the newer 100 series Land cruisers here are IFS and come with few off road optional accessories. In addition the 70 series Land Cruisers are not sold in North America.

1984 Toyota Land Cruiser 70 series

toyota land cruiser 70 series
In 1984/1985, Toyota introduced an entirely new design to replace the aging and now 25 year old 40 series Land Cruiser. What Toyota came up with was a most appropriate replacement. Although completely new in styling, every off road positive aspect of the original 40 series was retained. The all new 70 series was introduced.

The 70 through 73 series is the short and medium wheelbase version of the long running Toyota Land Cruiser 70 series. Essentially, the direct replacement of the famous 40 series and what most Americans know of as the FJ40. These models were built in more variations than the longer wheelbase Land Cruisers. Some are still in production today for a select few markets.

Features

The suspension, interior and basic layout of these models are nearly identical to the more famous longer wheelbase 75 series Land Cruisers, but the frame and body is much shorter. This allows the Land Cruiser to be more nimble off road. This model was popular as a personal off road transport, but because the Land Cruiser was marketed almost exclusively as a commercial and government vehicle and because these were never sold in the largest auto market in the world, the US, few were built, compared to other Land Cruiser models.
However, these models were sold all over the world, except North America, in the 1980s and early 1990s. They can be found in Japan, Asia and even South America. The short wheelbase models are not quite as common in Australia, but they are very popular in the homeland of Japan, where compactness and rugged 4X4 are a welcome combination.
Today, few short wheelbase 70 series can be purchases new. I can only find them being sold in some select South American countries and possibly still in the Japanese homeland.

1967-1979 Toyota Land Cruiser 50 series


toyota land cruiser 50 series
The Land Cruiser was first introduced as a personal 4x4 type vehicle for civilians and a small military transport alternative to the American military Jeep, but people had begun to accept the idea that it could also be used as a family utility vehicle and a station wagon. Demand increased for a vehicle with a larger body that could carry more people and more cargo.

History

Toyota initially responded by building wagons like the FJ35V and the FJ45V onto the original Land Cruiser frames. The wheelbase would be lengthened and special custom made bodies mounted to make the first wagons. After that, demand became strong for a genuine original estate car. An ordinary truck could carry people or cargo, but after getting to a work site by road, trucks were frequently expected to cross difficult ground, often in severe weather conditions where roads might be washed out or otherwise impassable, especially in remote parts of the world other than the U.S. The newly designed Land Cruiser 55 satisfied these multiple needs.
Toyota had put a priority on development of passenger cars such as the Crown and the Corona, and the design staff was too busy to work on the original Land Cruisers. As a result, the design was handled by on-site technical staff working with little more than rulers and compasses. It was not until the 50-series that designers were able to pay serious attention to the Land Cruiser, creating design sketches and clay models.
Leaving some traces of the original 40-series, in July of 1967 they released a new model, the FJ55V wagon, to replace the FJ45V wagon. The body was larger than a compact car, the ride was as comfortable as a passenger car (of the day), and it was designed not just for utility but for leisure use as well.
Now the export market’s influence outside of Japan really came into play. The 50-series was made to be sold in America and Australia. It was designed to cruise at over 80 mph on US highways, and built heavy duty enough to handle the rugged Australian landscape. The first time that a Toyota truck was build entirely with fully enclosed box cross-section welded members. It was also engineered to meet US safety standards established through frontal crash testing at 30 mph.
Because of its shape and size, it was known affectionately around the world as the Moose, or more commonly, the Iron Pig.
The 55 model was Toyota’s first real station wagon. The FJ55V body type was produced for sale only in Japan, while export vehicles took on the newer 2F-type petrol engine instead of the original F-type petrol engine and were named FJ55V. There were many differences in appearances between the two types, with the FJ556V having a larger bulge in the bonnet, as well as the same combination lamp parts as in the 40-series but with the triangular windows abolished and blinkers integrated into the side lamps.

1980-1989 Toyota Land Cruiser 60 series

toyota land cruiser 60 series
In 1976, chief Land Cruiser engineer Hiroshi Ohsawa began planning for the next generation of the 50-series Land Cruiser. In order to compete in the US market, something more was needed beyond what the FJ55V had to offer. It had to have a larger body, feel closer to an estate car, include more luxurious touches in the interior, and offer a more comfortable ride.

History

The problem was what to do with the suspension. Mr. Ohsawa considered an independent front suspension, however this idea was rejected in favor of the existing front and rear leaf springs and solid axles of the FJ55V to ensure that the Land Cruiser lived up to its off-road reputation. And thankfully so. It’s interesting to note that Toyota was considering IFS as early as the mid 1970s. Of course, a mere 10 years later, IFS would find it’s way onto the 4Runner/Surf and some trucks and today all but one model of the Land Cruiser uses IFS.
Another improvement that had to be incorporated into the new model was to create a design that was less likely to roll. This was because in the Middle East, people would load the roof high making it top-heavy and then drive on dirt roads at speeds of more than 60 mph. Investigation revealed that they were often carrying petrol cans, not surprising, considering that petrol stations were few and far between in the desert. This new series featured a wider tread to cope with the top-heaviness by providing more stability when cornering, and was sized closer to the global standard for a station wagon.
The 60 series was born and introduce worldwide in 1980. The body style and interior looked almost nothing like the 55 series it replaced, but the suspension and axles and drive train were closely related and in some aspects even carried over from the old model to the new model.The 60-series was also quite popular in Japan. Demand in Japan had increased for a long model diesel-powered vehicle that was inexpensive to maintain, and the 60-series filled the bill. In addition to the 2F-type petrol engines in the FJ60, a 3.4 liter B-type 4 cylinder diesel engine was added and called the BJ60.
In October of 1982, the new HJ60 appeared. Not only did it have a larger engine (a 6-cylinder diesel), it came with a higher roof, a 5-speed transmission, electric moon roof, remote control mirrors and other luxury features. The FJ and the BJ evolved from the 60 to the 61-series, and a luxury model similar to the HJ was added to the BJ 61. Land Cruiser gained its first ever class designation, the GX, to distinguish it from the standard model.
A look back over the development of the 60-series reveals how it started as a utility vehicle and evolved into something closer to a passenger car. In particular, with the debut of the competing Mitsubishi Pajero (Montero) in 1982, the subsequent appearance of high-roof cars, and the addition of luxury items such as the automatic transmission and turbo diesel, minor changes were introduced annually. This development became the basis for the later 80-series and the 100-series of today.
The 60-series underwent a number of minor changes. In time in took on power windows and automatic transmission as well as other luxury trimmings. The resinous crash pad with steel panels found on early model 60-series dashboards was enlarged. Although the gauges were placed in a separate section of the dashboard, retaining the image of the utility car, the interior had full trim and looked much like a passenger car, quite unlike the 55-series.
In 1986, Toyota introduced the 2H, a turbo diesel and called this model the HJ61. In 1988, Toyota made several changes including the most obvious headlight arrangement. Earlier models used 2 front headlights, while newer models used a 4 headlight set up.
The FJ62G was a wagon with front bucket-type seats and a split third seat in the rear, which could only be accessed by first folding the second seat forward. When not in use, the third seat could be folded up along the right and left sides of the vehicle. This not only limited the available cargo room, but tended to block part of the rear view, creating a blind spot on the right and left sides. Thanks to the high roof, the interior of the vehicle looked quite spacious although there was not much legroom.
The 60-series really marked the transition between the boxier shape of earlier models to the sleeker, more aerodynamic look that carries into the present day. By 1989 when the 80-series debuted, the 60-series chassis, although benefiting from improvements in performance and driving comfort, had reached its limits for the luxury market.The 55 series might be considered the last of the hardcore, original utility oriented Land Cruisers (baring the 70 series of course) while the 60 series marked the beginning of the transition from utility to sport utility and more luxury oriented 4x4. However, the 60 series was still very well equipped and heavy duty. Many thousands were modified and are still used today for very hardcore off roading all over the world.

Wednesday, May 19, 2010

Toyota Rukus Review

The Toyota Rukus presents an all-new image for Toyota by offering a unique and somewhat quirky exterior design coupled with a practical and spacious interior. Starting at $27,490* the Toyota Rukus will undoubtedly turn heads and attract younger buyers to the brand.
Let’s be honest, Toyota is not the most exciting car maker in the world. Over the last 50 years the Japanese company has risen to the very top of the automotive world and become the world’s largest producer of vehicles, at a cost. Its success was arguably due to producing safe and reliable cars in massive volumes rather than creating cars that had character.
Not that there is anything wrong with that strategy, if you’re in the business of selling cars why not appeal to the masses? Of course once upon a time Toyota did have a variety of sports cars such as the Supra, Celica and MR2.
Despite sporty Toyotas of the past, the problem facing Toyota today is somewhat similar to that facing Mercedes-Benz. The majority of its customer are not exactly Twitter and Facebook users. In fact the main portion of Toyota’s customers are over 54 years old. That’s all well and good, but what happens when the current 20-somethings turn 40 and have no association with the Big T?
Thankfully Toyota saw this coming and with new president Akio Toyoda (by all accounts a passionate car lover) in charge, the company has set itself the big task of putting soul, character and aspiration into its lineup.
The first part of the design-revolution starts with the Rukus in Australia. A model which is set to polarise the public and car journalists alike. From the outside the boxy shape is unlike anything Toyota has done before (which is not necessarily a bad thing). The idea is to create a car which makes a statement and you’re not really suppose to agree with it either.
Toyota Australia believes the Rukus will appeal to urban trend-setters looking for a car that stands out and one which may be customised to suit their personality. It should also appeal to young couples looking for something a little out of the ordinary.
From the front there is something very unique about the Rukus design. It looks like something a half-American, half -Japanese designer would’ve come up with at 3 am in the morning (Rukus is actually designed at the CALTY design studio in Los Angeles).
The rear is pretty much the same, given its straight line box-on-wheels design structure it almost looks like a commercial van, but it’s got far more appeal than that. No doubt a few of you are frothing at the mouth dying to tell me how ridiculous the Rukus looks. My only piece of advice is to actually go and see one in the flesh. It looks far ‘cooler’ in person (but some will still hate it and that’s part of the plan as you can’t be cool if everyone likes your taste).
Why do I like it? Perhaps because I am part of the Twitter and Facebook generation but also as a car journalist it’s rather refreshing to see Toyota design something that actually has character and personality.
The idea is to get the exterior completely repainted (you can buy it as a blank canvas) or customised enough so that yours will be unique in your own way.
The interior is also designed in such a way to make it easy to fit in multiple LCDs, new stereo systems and whatever else “you crazy kids can think of”. Toyota Australia also offers a huge selection of genuine customisable options.
Of course you can just pick one of the seven default colours it comes with and be done with it, but that would be missing the point.

This idea of a cool, hip and Gen-Y car for the younger folks isn’t new in Australia. It was tried last year with the Kia Soul which is yet to make a big impact on its target market. Last month the Soul found only 53 buyers (total year to end of April sales were 189). Toyota believes it’s brand reputation will mean better results for the Rukus. The Big T expects to sell 150-200 units per month.
The Rukus is sold in the United States under the Scion brand as the xB but Toyota Australia decided to keep the Toyota badge for this market. Partially because launching an all-new brand for just one model would not make all that much sense and also because Toyota’s image in Australia is in better standing with the younger crowd than in the United States.
Once you get over the look and exterior styling of the Rukus, you’ll quickly realise that it’s a rather well equipped and practical car.
All Rukus variants in Australia are powered by a 2.4-litre dual overhead-cam four-cylinder engine that outputs 123kW of power at 6000rpm and 224Nm of torque at 4000rpm. This is mated to a four-speed automatic (more on this later) and as such returns a respectable fuel economy figure of 8.8L/100km for the combined highway and city cycle.
The Rukus is built on the same platform (MC) as the Corolla and RAV4, but feels much roomier inside than both. The box-shaped exterior means a spacious interior big enough to comfortably seat five adults (a rare feature these days). What most impressed me about the Rukus was the unique dash layout. Despite its box-shape, the interior is all about circles. From the four gauges in the centre console to the aircon controls and even the air-vents, it’s all round.
There are three different variants of the Rukus, simply called: Build 1, Build 2 and Build 3. The base model Toyota Rukus Build 1 starts at $27,490* and comes standard with:
  • Six airbags,
  • Stability and traction control
  • Anti-skid disc brakes
  • Air-conditioning,
  • 16-inch alloy wheels,
  • Cruise control,
  • Keyless entry and ignition,
  • Power mirrors and windows
  • Engine immobiliser.
  • CD player with six speakers, Bluetooth™ hands-free telephone and audio streaming (meaning you can stream music wirelessly from your iPhone/Pod directly to the car), USB and 3.5mm audio input.
Build 2 will see buyers fork out $29,990* and gain:
  • Leather-accented seats, steering wheel and gearshift knob.
  • Nine speakers including a sub-woofer, plus a six CD-stacker linked to a 4.3-inch colour screen for the audio (no Sat-Nav or TV).
  • Climate-control and push-button operation
Build 3 is basically just a Build 2 but with a Sunroof for an additional $1,800 ($31,790).
Compared to the entry-level Kia Soul, the base Rukus is $6,500 more expensive but it does come with a much bigger engine plus a whole range of additional features (and a Toyota badge).
It’s hard to criticise the Rukus because it’s not meant for everyone – no doubt the older crowd will dismiss it quickly (but that’s a good thing!). My only solid concern is the car’s four-speed automatic gearbox which should really be a six-speed (there is no manual option in Australia either).
During the media launch, Toyota brought out a few examples of what the car could be customised to look like (note: the black one with the giant intercooler is not road-legal).
A short stint behind the wheel didn’t pose enough opportunity to thoroughly report on the car’s handling credentials. Nonetheless it would be fair to say the Rukus is not underpowered and it certainly managed the obstacle course with ease. Check back soon as CarAdvice will conduct a comprehensive Road Test & Review of the Rukus.
To put everything into perspective, Toyota doesn’t really want everyone to like the Rukus (it would almost defeat its purpose). It will no doubt find enough buyers to become an effective branding car. Finally a Toyota model which is not about volume.
If you’ve seen those Lexus LFA ads that say “Yes, It’s a Lexus.” then you get the idea – changing brand perception. Yes, it’s a Toyota – and no, it doesn’t care what you think!
2010 Toyota Rukus Specifications:

ENGINE
  • Type – Petrol
  • Capacity (cc) – 2362
  • Code – 2AZ-FE
  • Description – All-alloy in-line four cylinder with DOHC, VVT-i on inlet valves
  • Bore x stroke (mm) – 88.5 x 96.0
  • Compression ratio – 9.8:1
  • Max. power – 123kW @ 6000rpm
  • Max. torque – 224Nm @ 4000rpm
  • Fuel system (petrol) – Sequential multi-point electronic fuel injection
  • Fuel type – 91 RON ULP or higher
  • Fuel tank capacity (L) – 55
  • Fuel economy1 (L/100km) – 8.8
  • Carbon dioxide (g/km) – 208
  • Emission rating – Euro IV
PERFORMANCE
  • Max. speed (km/h) – 190
TRANSMISSION
  • Driven wheels – Front
  • Transmission description – Electronically controlled, four-speed intelligent automatic with lock-up torque converter
  • Transmission code – U241E
  • Gear ratios – 1st – 3.943
  • - 2nd – 2.197
  • - 3rd – 1.413
  • - 4th – 1.020
  • - Reverse – 3.145
  • - Final drive ratio – 2.740:1
STEERING
  • Type – Rack and pinion, Electric Power-assisted Steering (EPS)
  • Turns lock to lock – 2.9
  • Gear ratio – 14.5
  • Turning circle kerb to kerb (m) – 10.6
SUSPENSION
  • All around – Independent, barrel-shaped coil springs, low-pressure gas-filled dampers, multi-leaf linear control damper valves
  • Front – MacPherson struts, wide-based L-shaped lower arms
  • Rear – Torsion beam
BRAKES
  • Front – Ventilated discs, 275 x 25mm
  • Rear – Solid discs, 279 x 10mm
  • Stability control – ABS with Electronic Brakeforce Distribution (EBD) and Brake Assist (BA), Traction Control (TRC), Vehicle Stability Control (VSC)
WHEELS
  • Rims – Alloy 16×6.5J
  • Tyres – 205/55R16
  • Spare – Spacesaver T135/70 D17
BODY
  • Body type – Monocoque 5-door wagon
  • Length (mm) – 4260
  • Width (mm) – 1760
  • Height (mm) – 1645
  • Wheelbase (mm) – 2600
  • Front track (mm) – 1525
  • Rear track (mm) – 1520
  • Ground clearance (mm) – 130
  • Approach angle (degrees) – 15
  • Departure angle (degrees) – 21
  • Coefficient of drag (Cd) – 0.32
INTERIOR
  • Length (mm) – 1980
  • Width (mm) – 1495
  • Height (mm) – 1295 without moonroof
  • Build 3: 1235 with moonroof
WEIGHTS/LOADS
  • Kerb weight3 (kg) – 1390-1400
  • (Build 2,3: 1420-1430)
  • Gross Vehicle Mass (kg) – 1855
  • (Build 2,3: 1885)
  • Cargo capacity (L) with rear seats up – 310
  • Seating capacity (incl. driver) – 5
  • Towing capacity – 500

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